MOTS-C

MOTS-c (Mitochondrial ORF of the 12S rRNA Type-C) is a 16-amino acid peptide encoded within the mitochondrial genome’s 12S rRNA gene, making it one of the few known peptides derived from mitochondrial DNA rather than nuclear DNA. First characterized in 2015, MOTS-c is classified as a mitochondrial-derived peptide (MDP) and functions as an endocrine-like signaling molecule that translocates from the mitochondria to the cell nucleus in response to metabolic stress. Its primary studied mechanisms involve activation of the AMPK pathway, promotion of glucose uptake in skeletal muscle, and regulation of insulin sensitivity. Research has also identified MOTS-c as an exercise-responsive peptide, with circulating levels increasing during physical activity in humans. For research use only. Not for human consumption.

Chemical Structure and Identification

• Molecular Formula: C₁₀₁H₁₅₂N₂₈O₂₂S₂
• Molecular Weight: 2174.64 g/mol
• CAS Number: 1627580-64-6

Research Applications

• Metabolic Regulation and Insulin Sensitivity: Investigation of MOTS-c’s AMPK-mediated promotion of glucose uptake, insulin sensitization, and mitochondrial metabolic flexibility in muscle and adipose cell models [1]
• Mitochondria-to-Nucleus Signaling: Study of MOTS-c’s retrograde signaling pathway from mitochondria to the nucleus and its regulation of nuclear gene expression during metabolic stress [2]
• Aging and Sarcopenia Research: Examination of MOTS-c’s role in preserving physical function, muscle mass, and neuromuscular integrity in aged mouse models [3]
• Pancreatic Beta-Cell Biology: Analysis of MOTS-c’s effects on pancreatic islet cell senescence and beta-cell function in type 1 and type 2 diabetes preclinical models [4]

Reference Citations

1. Lee C et al. (2015) – Cell Metab | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25738459/
2. PMC9905433 | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9905433/
3. Reynolds JC et al. (2021) – Nat Commun | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34385425/
4. PMC11388074 | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11388074/

Important Regulatory Notice

These products are for research use only and are not intended for human consumption, therapeutic use, or diagnostic purposes. All compounds described herein have not been approved by the FDA for human use. These products are strictly intended for in vitro laboratory research and analytical purposes when conducted by qualified research professionals in licensed facilities. Users are responsible for ensuring compliance with all applicable laws regarding purchase and use of these materials.