Thymosin Alpha-1

Thymosin Alpha-1 (Ta1, Thymalfasin) is a 28-amino acid peptide originally isolated from thymosin fraction 5 of bovine thymus gland tissue in 1972. It is a naturally occurring immunomodulatory peptide that acts as a key regulator of T-cell development and activation. Ta1 exerts its primary effects by interacting with toll-like receptors (TLRs) and activating the MyD88/NF-kB signaling cascade, promoting T-helper cell differentiation, dendritic cell maturation, and natural killer cell activity. It is approved for clinical use in over 35 countries for chronic hepatitis B and C treatment and has been studied in the context of sepsis, cystic fibrosis, cancer, and viral infections. In research settings, it is used to probe T-cell immunology and innate immune system signaling. For research use only. Not for human consumption.

Chemical Structure and Identification

• Molecular Formula: C₁₂₉H₂₁₅N₃₃O₅₅
• Molecular Weight: 3108.31 g/mol
• CAS Number: 62304-98-7

Research Applications

• T-Cell Immunology Research: Investigation of Ta1’s effects on CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell maturation, Th1/Th2 balance, and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity in immune cell culture and animal models [1]
• Toll-Like Receptor and Innate Immunity Research: Study of Ta1’s activation of TLR2 and TLR9 signaling, MyD88-dependent NF-kB pathway stimulation, and innate immune response modulation [2]
• Infectious Disease and Antiviral Models: Examination of thymosin alpha-1’s potentiation of antiviral immune responses in hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and respiratory viral infection preclinical models [3]
• Cancer Immunology Research: Analysis of Ta1’s role in enhancing anti-tumor immune surveillance, dendritic cell function, and immunotherapy combination strategies in oncology models [4]

Reference Citations

1. Garaci E et al. (2007) – Ann N Y Acad Sci | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17911632/
2. Romani L et al. (2004) – J Immunol | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15240710/
3. Sherman KE et al. (1998) – Hepatology | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9425945/
4. Goldstein AL et al. (2009) – Expert Opin Biol Ther | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19416073/

Important Regulatory Notice

These products are for research use only and are not intended for human consumption, therapeutic use, or diagnostic purposes. All compounds described herein have not been approved by the FDA for human use. These products are strictly intended for in vitro laboratory research and analytical purposes when conducted by qualified research professionals in licensed facilities. Users are responsible for ensuring compliance with all applicable laws regarding purchase and use of these materials.