SS-31

SS-31 (elamipretide) is a synthetic tetrapeptide with the sequence D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2 (where Dmt = 2′,6′-dimethyltyrosine), designed to selectively target and concentrate within the inner mitochondrial membrane. Its mechanism is centered on its high affinity for cardiolipin, a phospholipid essential to mitochondrial membrane integrity and the function of electron transport chain complexes. By stabilizing cardiolipin, SS-31 helps preserve mitochondrial cristae architecture and supports efficient ATP production. In preclinical research, SS-31 has demonstrated protective effects in models of ischemia-reperfusion injury, heart failure, skeletal muscle disease, and age-related mitochondrial dysfunction. It is also under clinical investigation for diseases including Barth syndrome and heart failure. For research use only. Not for human consumption.

Chemical Structure and Identification

• Molecular Formula: C₃₂H₄₉N₉O₅
• Molecular Weight: 639.80 g/mol
• CAS Number: 736992-21-5

Research Applications

• Mitochondrial Cardiolipin Research: Study of SS-31’s selective binding to cardiolipin and its effects on electron transport chain efficiency, cristae morphology, and ROS generation in isolated mitochondria and cell models [1]
• Cardiac Ischemia-Reperfusion Models: Investigation of SS-31’s cardioprotective effects in myocardial infarction and reperfusion injury models, including infarct size reduction and functional recovery endpoints [2]
• Age-Related Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Examination of SS-31’s effects on mitochondrial bioenergetics, ATP synthesis, and oxidative damage in aged animal tissues and sarcopenia models [3]
• Skeletal Muscle Disease Research: Analysis of SS-31’s role in preserving mitochondrial function and reducing myopathic pathology in Duchenne muscular dystrophy and related muscle disease models [4]

Reference Citations

1. Szeto HH (2014) – Pharm Res | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24271396/
2. PMC4476820 | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4476820/
3. Siegel MP et al. (2013) – Aging Cell | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23638982/
4. Sabbah HN et al. (2016) – Eur J Heart Fail | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26621558/

Important Regulatory Notice

These products are for research use only and are not intended for human consumption, therapeutic use, or diagnostic purposes. All compounds described herein have not been approved by the FDA for human use. These products are strictly intended for in vitro laboratory research and analytical purposes when conducted by qualified research professionals in licensed facilities. Users are responsible for ensuring compliance with all applicable laws regarding purchase and use of these materials.