NAD+ (Spray)

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a fundamental coenzyme found in all living cells, serving as a critical mediator of cellular metabolism and energy production. This dinucleotide consists of two nucleosides connected by a pyrophosphate linkage, with each nucleoside containing a ribose sugar attached to either an adenine or nicotinamide base. NAD+ functions as an essential electron carrier in oxidation-reduction reactions, cycling between its oxidized form (NAD+) and reduced form (NADH) to transfer electrons through metabolic pathways. Beyond its redox function, NAD+ serves as a substrate for enzymes involved in DNA repair and cellular stress responses. The NAD+/NADH ratio functions as a key regulator of intracellular redox potential, directly influencing downstream metabolic reactions.

Chemical Structure and Identification

• Molecular Formula: C₂₁H₂₇N₇O₁₄P₂ (oxidized form, NAD+)
• Molecular Weight: 663.43 g/mol (oxidized form)
• CAS Number: 53-84-9

Research Applications

• Cellular Energy Metabolism: Investigation of NAD+/NADH redox cycling in glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation [1]
• Enzyme Substrate Research: Examination of NAD+ as a substrate for sirtuins, PARPs, and other NAD+-dependent enzymes [2]
• Redox Signaling: Study of intracellular redox potential regulation by NAD+/NADH ratio and its effects on metabolic adaptation [3]
• Mitochondrial Function: Exploration of NAD+’s role in electron transport chain dynamics and ATP production in cultured cells [4]

Reference Citations

1. Ying W (2008) – Antioxid Redox Signal | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
2. Canto C et al. (2015) – Trends Endocrinol Metab | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
3. PMC6128428 | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6128428/
4. PubChem CID 925 | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/925

Important Regulatory Notice

These products are for research use only and are not intended for human consumption, therapeutic use, or diagnostic purposes. All compounds described herein have not been approved by the FDA for human use. These products are strictly intended for in vitro laboratory research and analytical purposes when conducted by qualified research professionals in licensed facilities. Users are responsible for ensuring compliance with all applicable laws regarding purchase and use of these materials.